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proton playground

First-Hand Physics


Although the world of particle physics can seem abstract and distant, its effects can be far more familiar. Particle physics findings and technologies have practical applications from life-saving medical treatments to new energy solutions. We can thank the fundamental particles for all of the chemistry that make life possible, including our shining sun. But to experience the world of particles first-hand all you really need —as Fermilab’s proton playground beautifully illustrates— is a little imagination.


Investing in science is worth every penny

By CERN | June 10, 2013
Politicians are faced with hard choices. How should they spend public money? Investing in science is an excellent choice not only for the long-term but also for immediate returns.

The Definite Article Problem

By Richard Ruiz | June 4, 2013
This post is long overdue but nonetheless I am thrilled to finally write it. We have discovered the? a? some??? Higgs boson, and it is precisely my trouble writing this very sentence that inspires a new post. CERN‘s press office has keenly presented a new question in particle physics known as the Definite Article Problem: Have we discovered “a” Higgs boson or “the” Higgs boson?

Run like a proton at Fermilab’s new playground

By Fermilab | May 24, 2013
It’s one thing for kids to try to envision particles zipping around underground when learning about the science at Fermilab. It’s another thing entirely for them to pretend to be particles charging along an accelerator path, revealing new physics as they fly by.
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Latest Posts

Your summer travel options

Friday, June 14th, 2013

Now that summer is fully here, are you feeling that old wanderlust, the desire to hit the open road? Well then, there are a lot of interesting places to go on the physics conference circuit between now and Labor Day. There are many fabulous locations on the menu, and who knows, you might get to hear the first public presentation of an exciting new physics result. While it’s true that what many would consider the most glamorous stuff from the LHC has already been pushed out (at the highest priority), you can be assured that scientists are hard at work on new results, and of course there are many other particle-physics experiments that are doing important work. So, find your frequent-flyer card and make sure you’ve changed the oil, and let’s see where you might be headed this summer:

  • 2013 Lepton Photon Conference, San Francisco, CA, June 24-29, hosted by SLAC. This is definitely the most prestigious conference this year; it is the international conference that is the odd-numbered year complement to the ICHEP meetings that are held in even-numbered years. Last year’s ICHEP saw the announcement of the observation of the Higgs boson, and if someone wants to make a big splash this year, they will do it at Lepton Photon. I have previously discussed how ICHEP works; the Lepton Photon series has a similarly storied history, but is slightly different in format, in that there are only plenary overview talks rather than a series of shorter, more focused presentations. San Francisco is always a great destination, and a fine place to consider the physics of the cable car and plate tectonics.
  • 2013 European Physical Society Conference on High Energy Physics, Stockholm, Sweden, July 18-24. If results aren’t ready in time for Lepton Photon, they could be ready in time for EPS. This conference also appears in odd-numbered years, and with a format that has both parallel and plenary sessions, there are many opportunities for younger people to present their work. It is probably the premier particle-physics conference in Europe this year. Thanks to the tilted axis of the earth, and the position of Stockholm at 59 degrees north of the equator, you’ll be able to enjoy 17 hours and 40 minutes of daylight each day at this conference…starting at 4 AM each morning.
  • Community Summer Study 2013, aka Snowmass on the Mississippi, Minneapolis, MN, July 29-August 6. This isn’t really a conference, but it is the culmination of the year-long effort of the US particle-physics community to define its long-range plan. With the discovery of the Higgs boson and important developments neutrino physics, we have better clues on what we should be trying to study in the future. Now we have to understand what facilities are best for this science, and what the technical barriers are to building and exploiting them. But we have to realize that we’re working with a finite budget, and we’ll have to do some hard thinking to understand how to set priorities. You might think that Minneapolis doesn’t have much on San Francisco or Stockholm, but my wife is from there, so I have traveled there many times and I think it’s a great place to visit. You can contemplate the balancing forces and torques on the “Spoonbridge and Cherry” sculpture at the Walker Art Center, or the aerodynamics of Mary Tyler Moore’s hat on the Nicollet Mall.
  • 2013 Meeting of the American Physical Society Division of Particles and Fields, Santa Cruz, CA, August 13-17. Like the EPS conference, DPF also meets in odd-numbered years and is a chance for the US particle physics community to gather. It’s one of my favorite conferences, with a broad program of particle physics and neither too big or too small. It is especially friendly to younger people presenting their own work. Measurements that weren’t ready for the earlier conferences could still get a good audience here. Yes, you might have gone to nearby San Francisco in June, but Santa Cruz has a totally different feel, and you can study the hydrodynamics that power the redwood trees that are all over the campus.

    And you might ask, where am I going this summer? I’d love to get to all of these, but I have another destination this summer — I will be moving my family to Geneva for a sabbatical year at CERN in July. It’s a little disappointing to be missing some of the action in the US, but I’m looking forward to an exciting year. I will be returning to the US for the Snowmass workshop, where I’m co-leading a working group, but that’s about it for conferences for me this summer. That will still be plenty exciting, and I’ll do my best to report all the news about it here.

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  • Les dirigeant-e-s politiques doivent faire des choix difficiles quant il s’agit de dépenser l’argent public. Investir dans la science est pourtant un excellent placement non seulement à long terme, mais aussi pour des retombées immédiates.

    Bien sûr, si vous demandez ce que le boson de Higgs mettra dans l’assiette de l’humanité, la réponse est simple: personne ne le sait. Quand le ministre des Finances a questionné Michael Faraday sur la valeur pratique de l’électricité en 1850, il n’en avait aucune idée mais a répondu  «Un jour, monsieur, vous trouverez un moyen de la taxer.”

    La découverte du boson de Higgs signifie que nous avons désormais une théorie complète qui explique ce qu’est la matière visible. L’humanité peut donc aller se coucher ce soir en en sachant un peu plus sur l’univers dans lequel nous vivons.

    Par contre, les retombées indirectes sont nombreuses et découlent de l’ensemble des activités de recherche en physique des particules. Plusieurs viennent d’être résumées dans une nouvelle brochure intitulée «Accélérer la science et l’innovation – Les avantages sociétaux de la recherche européenne en physique des particules” (en anglais).

    Cette brochure a été présentée par le CERN aux ministres des sciences et de la technologie d’Europe la dernière semaine de mai à Bruxelles à l’occasion d’une réunion spéciale du Conseil du CERN organisée par la Commission européenne.

    Le World Wide Web, inventé au CERN il y a plus de 20 ans, est estimé avoir stimulé € 1,5 billion en trafic commercial annuel. C’est 1500 fois plus que le milliard de francs suisses consacrés à la recherche au CERN chaque année.

    Environ 10.000 accélérateurs servent en médecine à travers le monde, tous utilisant la technologie développée en physique des particules.

    Grâce à la physique, la radiothérapie et les rayons X sont utilisés tous les jours pour le traitement du cancer et l’imagerie médicale. La thérapie hadronique, où des protons ou des ions de carbone sont utilisés au lieu des photons comme en radiothérapie conventionnelle, est la dernière technique prometteuse développée récemment et devrait améliorer considérablement le traitement de certains types de cancer. De tels accélérateurs développés en collaboration avec le CERN sont déjà utilisés par MedAustron  en Autriche et CNAO en Italie.

    CNAOL’accélérateur développé pour la thérapie hadronique par CNAO en collaboration avec le CERN pour détruire plus efficacement les tuneurs cancérigènes (photo gracieuseté de CNAO)

    Même les recherches sur l’antimatière sont mises à contribution. L’expérience ACE effectuée à « l’usine » d’antimatière du CERN a montré que les antiprotons pourraient être efficaces pour détruire les tumeurs.

    La physique des particules au CERN a aidé à produire des panneaux solaires plus efficaces et contribue maintenant au développement d’accélérateurs de poche qui permettront aux hôpitaux de produire localement leurs propres doses d’isotopes radioactifs suivant la demande.

    Des ingénieurs du CERN testent des câbles supraconducteurs à haute température faits de diborure de magnésium. Ce type de recherche pourrait signifier éventuellement le transport de l’électricité sur de grandes distances sans perte d’énergie.

    panneaux-solaires

    Panneaux solaires nouvelles génération de l’aéroport de Genève utilisant la technologie du vide développée pour les accélérateurs du CERN

    Les technologies des accélérateurs sont également utilisées dans divers projets de nettoyage industriels. Dans des essais effectués au Texas, des faisceaux d’électrons ont converti les boues d’épuration hautement infectieuses en engrais agricole sécuritaire. Des efforts sont également en cours sur l’installation n-TOF du CERN pour transmuter les déchets nucléaires hautement radioactifs en matériaux inoffensifs.

    Ce ne sont là que quelques-unes des nombreuses applications découlant de la recherche menée dans les laboratoires de physique des particules. Et c’est encore sans compter la formation d’une main d’oeuvre hautement qualifiée prête à relever d’autres défis technologiques ainsi que l’enthousiasme suscité parmi les jeunes, les professeur-e-s et le grand public.

    C’était donc une excellente nouvelle fin mai quand le Conseil du CERN a adopté la Stratégie européenne pour la physique des particules lors de sa réunion spéciale organisée par la Commission européenne. Les bénéfices sociétaux sont multiplés quand les nations unissent leurs efforts et leurs ressources pour l’approfondissement de la connaissance fondamentale.

    Pauline Gagnon

    Pour être averti-e lors de la parution de nouveaux blogs, suivez-moi sur Twitter: @GagnonPauline ou par e-mail en ajoutant votre nom à cette liste de distribution

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    Politicians are faced with hard choices. How should they spend public money? Investing in science is an excellent choice not only for the long-term but also for immediate returns.

    Of course, if you are asking what will the Higgs boson put on humanity’s plate, the answer is easy: nobody knows. When the finance minister asked Michael Faraday about the practical value of electricity in 1850, he had an idea, but he replied: “One day sir, you may tax it.”

    At least, the discovery of the Higgs boson means that we now have a complete theory to explain how visible matter works. Hence, humanity can go to bed knowing a little more about the Universe we live in.

    But there are plenty of indirect returns stemming from all the research activities in particle physics. Many of them have just been summarised in a new brochure called “Accelerating science and innovation – Societal benefits of European research in particle physics”.

    The brochure was presented by CERN to European science and technology ministers last week of May in Brussels on the occasion of a special meeting of the CERN Council hosted by the European Commission.

    The World Wide Web, invented at CERN more than 20 years ago, is estimated to have stimulated €1.5 trillion in annual commercial traffic. This is 1500 times larger than the billion CHF spent on research annually at CERN.

    Around 10,000 accelerators using technology developed for particle physics are now in operation for medical use in hospitals worldwide.

    Thanks to physics, X-rays and radiotherapy are used everyday for cancer treatment and medical imaging. Hadron therapy, where protons or carbon ions are used instead of photons as in conventional radiotherapy, is the latest promising technique developed recently and is set to greatly improve therapy for certain types of cancer. Such accelerators developed in collaboration with CERN are already in used by MedAustron in Austria and CNAO in Italy.

    CNAO

    The CNAO accelerator used for hadron therapy developed in partnership with CERN provides a more efficient way to kill cancerous cells.

    Even antimatter research is put to good use. The ACE experiment performed at CERN’s antimatter facility showed that antiprotons could be powerful in destroying tumours.

    Particle physics at CERN has helped produce more efficient solar energy panels and is now developing desk-top accelerators to enable hospitals to produce locally their own single doses of radioactive isotopes as needed.

    CERN engineers are testing high temperature superconducting cables of magnesium diboride. This kind of research could lead to electricity being carried over large distances without energy loss.

    panneaux-solaires

    The solar panels used by the Geneva airport for heating use a technology created to improve the vacuum in CERN accelerators beam pipes.

    Accelerator technology is also used for various industrial clean-up projects. In trials in Texas, electron beams have converted highly infectious sewage sludge into safe-to-handle agricultural fertiliser. Efforts are also underway with the n-TOF facility at CERN to transmute highly radioactive nuclear waste into safe materials.

    These are but a few of the many applications stemming from research conducted in particle physics facilities. Not to mention training a supply of people ready for technological challenges, stimulating students and teachers interest and igniting enthusiasm for physics all over the world.

    So it was great news last week that CERN Council adopted the European Strategy for Particle Physics at its special meeting hosted by the European Commission. The benefits are multiplied when nations pool their efforts and resources in the pursuit of fundamental knowledge.

    Pauline Gagnon

    To be alerted of new postings, follow me on Twitter: @GagnonPauline
 or sign-up on this mailing list to receive and e-mail notification.

     

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    Does God exist?  This is one of the oldest questions in philosophy and is still much debated. The debate on the God particle is much more recent but searching for it has cost a large fortune and inspired people’s careers. But before we can answer the questions implied in the title, we have to decide what we mean when we say something exists. The approach here follows that of my previous essay that defines knowledge in terms of models that make successful predictions.

    Let us start with a simple question: What does it mean when we say a tree exists? The evidence for the existence of trees falls into two categories: direct and indirect. Every autumn, I rake the leaves in my backyard. From this I deduce that the neighbour has a tree. This is indirect evidence. I develop a model that the leaves in my backyard come from a tree in the neighbour’s yard. This model is tested by checking the prediction that the leaves are coming from the direction of the neighbour’s yard. Observations have confirmed this prediction.  Can I then conclude that a tree exists? Probably, but it would be useful to have direct evidence. To obtain this, I look into my neighbour’s yard. Yup, there is a tree. But not so fast–what my eye perceives is a series of impressions of light. The brain then uses that input to construct a model of reality and that model includes the tree. The tree we see is so obvious that we frequently forget that it is the result of model construction, subconscious model construction, but model construction none-the-less. The model is tested when I walk into the tree and hurt myself.

    Now consider a slightly more sophisticated example: atoms. The idea of atoms, in some form or other, dates back to ancient India and Greece but the modern idea of atoms dates to John Dalton (1766 – 1844). He used the concept of atoms to explain why elements always interact in the ratios of small whole numbers. This is indirect evidence for the existence of atoms and was enough to convince the chemists but not the physicists of that time. Some like Ernst Mach (1838 – 1916) refused to believe in what they could not see up until the beginning of the last century[1]. But then Albert Einstein’s (1879 – 1955) famous 1905 paper[2] on Brownian motion (the motion of small particles suspended in a liquid) convinced even the most recalcitrant physicists that atoms exist.  Einstein showed that Brownian motion could be easily understood as the result of the motion of discrete atoms. This was still indirect evidence but convincing to almost everyone. Atoms were only directly seen after the invention of the scanning electron microscope and even then there was model dependence in interpreting the scanning electron microscope results. As with the tree, we claim that atoms exist because, as a shown by Dalton, Einstein and others, they form an essential part of models that have strong track record of successful predictions.

    Now on to the God particle. What a name! The God particle has little in common with God but the name does sound good in the title of this essay. Then again, calling it the Higgs boson is not without problems as people other than Peter Higgs[3] (1920 – ) have claimed to have been the first to predict its existence. Back to the main point, why do we say the God particle exists? First there is the indirect evidence. The standard model of particle physics has an enviable record of successful predictions. Indeed, many (most?) particle physicists would be happier if it had had some incorrect predictions. We could replicate most of the successful predictions of the standard model without the God particle but only at the expense of making the model much more complicated. Like the recalcitrant physicists of old who rejected the atom, the indirect evidence for the God particle was not good enough for most modern-day particle physicists. Although few actually doubted its existence, like doubting Thomas, they had to see it for themselves. Thus, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and its detectors were built and direct evidence was found. Or was it? Would lines on a computer screen have convinced the logical positivists like Ernst Mach? Probably not, but the standard model predicted bumps in the cross-sections and the bumps were found. Given the accumulated evidence and its starring role in the standard model of particle physics, we confidently proclaim that the God particle, like the tree and the atom, exists. But remember, that even for the tree our arguments were model dependent.

    Having discussed the God particle what about God? I would apply the same criteria to His/Her/Its existence as for the tree, the atom, or the God particle. As in those cases, the evidence can be direct or indirect.  Indirect evidence for God’s existence would be, for example, the argument from design attributed to William Paley (1743 – 1805). This argument makes an analogy between the design in nature and the design of a watch. The question is then is this a good analogy? If we adopt the approach of science this reduces to the question: Can the analogy be used to make correct predictions for observations? If it can, the analogy is useful, otherwise it should be discarded. There is also the possibility of direct evidence: Has God or His messengers ever been seen or heard? But as the previous examples show, nothing is ever really seen directly but depends on model construction. As optical illusions illustrate, what is seen is not always what is there. Even doubting Thomas may have been too ready to accept what he had seen. As with the tree, the atom or the God particle, the question comes back to: Does God form an essential part of a model with a track record of successful predictions?

    So does God exist? I have outlined the method for answering this question and given examples of the method for trees, atoms and the God particle. Following the accepted pedagogical practice in nuclear physics, I leave the task of answering the question of God’s existence as an exercise for you, the reader.

    To receive a notice of future posts follow me on Twitter: @musquod.


    [1] Yes, 1905 was the last century. I am getting old.

    [2] He had more than one famous 1905 paper.

    [3] Why do we claim Peter Higgs exists?  But, I digress.

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    À l’occasion de l’ouverture de l’appel à candidature 2013 de “Sciences à l’Ecole” pour l’accueil d’enseignants français au CERN durant une semaine, nous publions ces jours-ci le journal quotidien plein d’humour de Jocelyn Etienne qui a suivi ce programme l’année dernière, au mois de novembre dernier.

     

    La visite s’accélère !
    Jeudi 08 novembre 2012

    Un élément d’un accélérateur (je ne sais plus lequel).

    Un élément d’un accélérateur (je ne sais plus lequel).

    La journée commence par une citation de notre collègue Joseph : « si tu veux pas entendre parler de protons, va à Conforama ! » Notre guide ce matin s’appelle François. Il est belge et ingénieur en informatique. Il nous présente le site LINAC-LEIR où l’on trouve tous ce qu’il faut pour préparer les noyaux que l’on va injecter ensuite dans les différents accélérateurs. Il porte un détecteur de radioactivité pour mesurer les doses qu’il reçoit dans une journée. D’ailleurs, il y a des détecteurs de radioactivité à l’entrée et à la sortie du CERN, et gare à celui qui a subi une injection de radio-isotopes pour une analyse médicale, il va sonner aux portiques pendant une semaine (c’est déjà arrivé). Sinon, en cas de problème, faire le 74444 (les pompiers).

    Mario Campanelli est un physicien italien qui travaille sur le projet ATLAS (après le Tevatron aux USA, Gran Sasso en Italie…), ce n’est pas une tablette tactile même géante qui va lui faire peur !

    Mario Campanelli et sa  tablette tactile géante.

    Mario Campanelli est un physicien italien qui travaille sur le projet ATLAS (après le Tevatron aux USA, Gran Sasso en Italie…), ce n’est pas une tablette tactile même géante qui va lui faire peur.

    DSC04253Il nous montre une représentation quasiment en temps réel des informations qui circulent  sur le réseau de calcul du CERN à travers le monde. Il s’agit du GRID, sorte de WEB des logiciels, un partage réseau mondial dont on voit un bout à droite, nécessaire pour traiter les milliards de données qu’engendrent les collisions de particules dans le LHC (sous linux toujours).

    On appelle ce lieu le CCC : le Centre de Contrôle du CERN. On voit les personnels à travers une vitre mais la plupart ne contrôle rien à l’instant car un apéro est organisé pour fêter les objectifs de puissance atteints. Tout est prétexte pour ne plus mettre un coup de rame hein ?!

    On appelle ce lieu le CCC : le Centre de Contrôle du CERN. On voit les personnels à travers une vitre mais la plupart ne contrôle rien à l’instant car un apéro est organisé pour fêter les objectifs de puissance atteints. Tout est prétexte pour faire la fête hein ?!

    A 11h, petite pause conférence (Solène Chevalier-Théry de Sciences à l’école puis Morgan Piezel professeur, pour l’exploitation de ce stage dans nos lycées) dans la salle où a été annoncée la découverte du Higgs, ou en tout cas, quelque chose qui s’en rapproche. Les physiciens que nous rencontrons espèrent d’ailleurs que ce n’est pas exactement le boson prévu par le Modèle Standard, car alors… ça serait trop simple.

    DSC04278
    La soirée se termine avec une partie de quarks poker, un jeu inventé par le physicien retraité Patrick Roudeau. En comprendre les règles fut un des exercices les plus difficiles de la semaine.

    À suivre…

    Jocelyn Etienne est enseignant au lycée Feuillade de la ville de Lunel.

    Pour soumettre sa candidature pour la prochaine session du stage au CERN, c’est par ici.


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    A Little Bit of the Higgs Boson for Everyone

    Hi All,

    This post is long overdue but nonetheless I am thrilled to finally write it. We have discovered the a some  ??? Higgs boson, and it is precisely my trouble writing this very sentence that inspires a new post. CERN‘s press office has keenly presented a new question in particle physics known as the Definite Article Problem:

    Have we discovered “a” Higgs boson or “the” Higgs boson?

    We can express the Article problem in another way:

    Are there more Higgs bosons?

    Before I touch upon that problem, I want to explain about why the Higgs boson is important. In particular, I want to talk about the Sun! Yes, the Sun.

    asd

    The Higgs Boson and Electroweak Symmetry Breaking is Important because the Sun Shines.

    Okay, there is no way to avoid this: I really like the sun.

    Slide Credit: Mine. Image Credit: GOES Collaboration

    It shines. It keeps the planet warm. There is liquid water on Earth, and some very tasty plants too.

    Slide Credit: Mine. Image Credit: NobelPrize.org

    At the heart of the Sun is a ranging nuclear furnace and involves two types of processes: (1) those that involve the Strong nuclear force and (2) those that involve the Weak nuclear force (look for the neutrinos!). The two types of processes work together in a solar relay race to complete a circuit, only to do it over and over again for billions of years. And just like a real relay race, the speed at which the circuit is finished is set by the slowest member. In this case, the Weak force is the limiting factor and considerably slows down the rate at which the sun could theoretically operate. If we make the Weak force stronger, then the Sun would shine more brightly. Conversely, if we make the Weak force even weaker, the Sun would be dimmer.

    Slide Credit: Mine. Image Credit: NobelPrize.org

    From studying the decays of radioactive substances, we have learned that the rate of Weak nuclear processes is set by a physical constant called Fermi’s Constant. Fermi’s Constant is represented by symbol GF. From study the Higgs boson and the Higgs Mechanism, we have learned that Fermi’s Constant is literally just another constant, v, in disguise. This second physical constant (v) is called the Higgs “vacuum expectation value” , or “vev” for short, and is the amount of energy the Higgs field has at all times relative to the vacuum.

    The point I want to make is this: If we increase the Higgs vev, Fermi’s Constant gets smaller, which reduces the rate of Weak nuclear interactions. In other words, a larger Higgs vev would make the sun shine less brightly. Going the other way, a smaller Higgs vev would make the sun shine more brightly. (This is really cool!)

    Slide Credit: Mine. Image Credit: Jacky-Boi

    The Higgs vev is responsible for some other things, too. It is a source of energy from which all elementary particles can draw. Through the Higgs Mechanism, the Higgs field provides mass to all elementary particles and massive bosons. One would think that for such an important particle we would have a firm theoretical understanding it, but we do not.

    Credit: Mine

    We have a very poor theoretical understanding of the Higgs boson. Among other things, according to our current understanding of the Higgs boson, the particle should be much heavier than what we have measured.

    Credit: Mine

    The Definite Article Problem

    There are lots of possible solutions to the problems and theoretical inconsistencies we have discovered relating to the Standard Model Higgs boson. Many of these ideas hypothesize the existence of other Higgs bosons or particles that would interact like the Higgs boson. There are also scenarios where Higgses have identity crises: the Higgs boson we have observed could be a quantum mechanical combination (superposition) of several Higgs bosons.

    I do not know if there are additional Higgses. Truthfully, there are many attractive proposals that require upping the number Higgs bosons. What I do know is that our Higgs boson is interesting and merits much further studying.

    ...

    Credit: Mine

    Happy Colliding

    - richard (@bravelittlemuon)

    PS In case anyone is wondering, yes, I did take screen shots from previous talks and turn them into a DQ post.

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    Disability and diversity at work

    Friday, May 31st, 2013

    National diversity has always been CERN‘s forte. With people coming from 99 different nationalities, CERN is a unique working place. However CERN recently realised that much more could be done to welcome not only people from all over the world but also people of different genders, ages, abilities, sexual orientation and ethnic origin.

    This is why the Diversity office was recently created and has already started shaking some old beliefs by organizing a series of special seminars.

    This week, CERN welcomed Dr Tom Shakespeare, an outstanding speaker who overcame many barriers. Bearing his surname, he said laughing, was more challenging than suffering from a growth-impairing disease and being paraplegic. But just like his unproven but most likely famous ancestor, Tom has a knack with language and captivated his audience with a lecture on how working places would benefit from being more welcoming to people having all sorts of disabilities, be they physical or mental. His key message was that people are more disabled by society than by their own minds or bodies.

    TomShakespeare-2

     

    “Disability is an issue of human rights and equality”, he said, “not disease”.  He went on talking about several famous physicists who made great contributions to physics despite having some form of disability. Isaac Newton was a highly anxious and insecure person probably suffering from either autism, Asperger or Tourette syndrome. Albert Einstein’s difficulties in school may have stemmed from dyslexia while Paul Dirac had some form of neurological difference giving him an eccentric and peculiar personality. In particular, he showed a compelling video where Stephen Hawking, one of the most celebrated astrophysicists, talks about his life, explaining how he was able to become so successful despite his disease, and where he gives his full support to the World Report on Disability.

    This World Health Organisation report shows that one billion people in the world have some form of disabilities. This means just about 15% of all people have some level of impairment affecting the way they move, talk, hear, see, behave or think. “You might not have any disability now but most of you are at risk of developing one as you age”, Tom told the audience.

    He insisted on the importance for a work place to adapt to people’s handicaps, and not the other way around, such as to enable every individual to contribute to their full potential. Neurodiversity can in fact be seen as an opportunity instead of a challenge. People with attention deficit disorder, Asperger syndrome or autism for example can contribute in their own unique ways.

    He gave very valuable and simple tips on proper etiquette on how to treat disabled people with respect and dignity: don’t stare; don’t make assumption, just ask; treat the person as a human being and not a disease (like talk about a person who is blind rather than “the blind” or “the quadriplegic”); address the person directly not their parent or carer, and give them a chance to speak for themselves. Finally, ask questions about things you need to know and not just because you are curious.

    Pauline Gagnon

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    La diversité nationale a toujours été un point fort du CERN. Avec des gens venant de 99 nationalités différentes, le CERN est un lieu de travail unique. Cependant, le CERN s’est récemment rendu compte que beaucoup plus pourrait être fait pour accueillir non seulement des gens de partout dans le monde, mais aussi des gens de sexe, de capacités, d’orientation sexuelle, d’âges et de race différentes.

    C’est pourquoi le Bureau de la diversité, créé récemment, a déjà commencé à secouer certains anciens préjugés en organisant une série spéciale de séminaires.

    Cette semaine, le CERN a accueilli le Dr Tom Shakespeare, un orateur hors pair qui fait a dû surmonter plusieurs barrières. Assumer son nom de famille a-t-il dit en riant a été plus difficile que de souffrir d’une maladie affectant le développement et d’être paraplégique. Mais tout comme son fort probable mais non établi célèbre ancêtre, Tom a un talent exceptionnel et a captivé son audience en élaborant sur la façon dont les lieux de travail gagneraient à être plus accueillants pour les personnes souffrant de handicaps, qu’ils soient physiques ou mentaux. Son message clé est que les gens sont plus handicapés par la société que par leur corps ou leur esprit.

    TomShakespeare-2
    «Le handicap est une question de droits humains et d’égalité”, a-t-il dit, “pas de maladie”. Il a nommé plusieurs physiciens célèbres qui ont grandement contribué à la physique en dépit de diverses formes de handicap. Isaac Newton par exemple était une personne terriblement anxieuse et incertaine, souffrant probablement soit d’autisme, soit du syndrome d’Asperger ou de Tourette. Les difficultés d’Albert Einstein à l’école ont pu venir de dyslexie alors que Paul Dirac avait une certaine forme de différence neurologique lui conférant une personnalité excentrique et singulière. En particulier, Tom Shakespeare a montré une vidéo saisissante où Stephen Hawking, l’un des plus célèbres astrophysiciens, parle de sa vie, en expliquant comment il a pu réussir à développer pleinement son potentiel en dépit de sa maladie et où il donne son appui total au Rapport mondial sur le handicap.

    Ce rapport de l’Organisation mondiale de la Santé montre qu’un milliard de personnes dans le monde souffrent d’une certaine forme de handicap. Cela signifie qu’à peu près 15% de la population doit surmonter des difficultés particulières affectant la façon dont ils se déplacent, parlent, entendent, voient, se comportent ou pensent. “Vous n’avez peut-être pas d’handicap aujourd’hui, mais la plupart d’entre vous risquent d’en développer un durant votre vieillesse”, a-t-il lancé à l’auditoire.

    Il a insisté sur l’importance d’avoir des lieux de travail qui s’adaptent aux personnes handicapées, et non l’inverse. Il faut permettre à chacun et chacune de contribuer à son plein potentiel. La neuro-diversité peut en fait être considérée comme une opportunité plutôt qu’un défi. Les personnes atteintes de troubles du déficit de l’attention, du syndrome d’Asperger ou d’autisme par exemple peuvent toutes contribuer de leur propre façon.
    Il a donné quelques conseils simples mais précieux sur comment traiter les personnes handicapées avec respect et dignité: ne pas fixer la personne du regard, ne rien supposer mais plutôt demander, traiter la personne comme un être humain et non comme une maladie (parler d’une personne qui est aveugle plutôt que «d’un aveugle» ou «d’un tétraplégique»); adresser à la personne directement et non pas leur parent ou assistant-e, et leur donner une chance de s’exprimer. Enfin, ne posez des questions que sur les choses que vous devez savoir et pas par simple curiosité.

    Pauline Gagnon

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    Caves ouvertes

    Wednesday, May 29th, 2013

    Hi!

    Since I’m new on Quantum Diaries, let me first introduce myself. I’m Rob, a Belgian Ph.D. student at CERN. Unlike most other physicists here, I am doing purely theoretical workthe kind of work for which one doesn’t need CERN’s Large Hadron Collider or any other equipment, except perhaps for its blackboards. 

     The nice thing about being a theoretical physicist at CERN is that the experimental guys are never too far away, so you are quickly updated on their latest discoveries. For us theorists, that knowledge is like heaven. 
     
    As a theorist surrounded by experimentalists, I hope to be able to give a slightly different view on any discoveries. But until then, let’s talk about life around CERN and Geneva. When arriving in Geneva as a foreigner, it is quite difficult to understand and adapt to the city’s quietness when it comes to nightlife. With all bars closing at 2am and nightclubs being overly expensive, young expats need to be creative to have a good time (read: home parties).
     
    Although it can be difficult to find out about them (since the Swiss seem to be horrible at advertising), there are a few events that make Geneva absolutely worth it. Young people at CERN seem to have armed themselves against the lack of advertisements by exchanging useful weekend information on Facebook groups such as Young@CERN. This way, Geneva’s most awesome events usually have quite a high percentage of cernies attending them.

    For example this weekend, the little villages on the Swiss side behind CERN (Satigny, Russin, Dardagny, etc) had their ‘caves ouvertes’, or open (wine) cellars in English. Basically, you go to one of these villages around noon, buy an empty wine glass for 5 Swiss Francs, and then pass as many winemakers as possible who will let you taste all of their wines for free. 
    Whether you are interested in tasting a certain winemaker’s pinot noir or merlot, or you just want to walk around the vineyards carrying a glass of wine, it usually is a Saturday afternoon well spent. 
    Or perhaps, like me, you are just wondering about the effect of wine on your fellow physicists..

    See you next year at the caves ouvertes!
    Rob
    Mainly cernies here

    Mainly cernies here

    Here as well.

    Here as well.


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    À l’occasion de l’ouverture de l’appel à candidature 2013 de “Sciences à l’Ecole” pour l’accueil d’enseignants français au CERN durant une semaine, nous publions ces jours-ci le journal quotidien plein d’humour de Jocelyn Etienne qui a suivi ce programme l’année dernière, au mois de novembre dernier.

     

    Dans les cavernes des géants
    Mercredi 07 novembre 2012

    La matinée est animée par un physicien autrichien guide alpin hyperactif dont je n’ai pas saisi le nom mais que je devrais pouvoir retrouver avant la fin du séjour dans un lieu où même le boson de Higgs est détectable (edit : Michael Hoch en fait). Il nous amène voir les sites où se trouvent deux gigantesques détecteurs de particules, CMS et ATLAS, placés à l’endroit où les faisceaux de protons du LHC se rencontrent.

    Avant cela, rapide visite dans un site où un bout du LHC est exposé. On y voit les deux conduits dans lesquels les faisceaux de protons circulent quasiment à la vitesse de la lumière, et dans des sens opposés.

    DSC04163Quatre fois sur les 27 km, ces 2 tuyaux se croisent pour causer les collisions qui sont analysées par CMS et ATLAS (mais aussi LHCb et ALICE). Le module sur lequel je m’appuie sur la photo comporte aussi des électroaimants supraconducteurs refroidis à -271°C par de l’hélium liquide. Les aimants servent plus ou moins à diriger et comprimer le faisceau, son accélération se faisant en d’autres points à l’aide de champ électrique haute fréquence. Mais tout ça ne peut-être vu en fonctionnement car cela se situe à 100 m sous terre et de plus, les radiations émises pourraient nuire à mon cuir chevelu.

    DSC04181

    À CMS, c’est le physicien Jean Fay qui nous fait visiter les locaux avec grandes compétence et gentillesse. Bien que l’on ne puisse pas approcher le détecteur (mais l’affiche de la photo donne une idée de sa taille), une salle de contrôle de la bestiole nous est accessible.

    DSC04169_CMSLe système d’exploitation est linux car les pannes windows sont à proscrire… C’est le monsieur qui me l’a dit. Je résume sa pensée : « Vindoze, c’est bon pour les présentations poveurpoïnt, et encore… »

    Attends, je dois vérifier un truc… non, c’est bon en fait !

    Attends, je dois vérifier un truc… non, c’est bon en fait !

    Vite, il nous faut retourner vers ATLAS. Il se situe en fait vers le CERN, alors que CMS est diamétralement opposé, et en France si j’ai bien tout compris.

    C’est un physicien retraité à l’esprit vif comme un neutrino qui nous guide : Klaus Bätzner. Le site ATLAS est plus orienté vers le public car il est proche du CERN et sans doute plus accessible. Une salle de projection 3D est mise à notre disposition. Équipés de lunettes et d’un casque, la vidéo qu’on nous présente est impressionnante.

    La salle de contrôle est pleine de grands écrans, de petits écrans, de claviers, et de gens qui regardent des écrans tout en pianotant sur les claviers. Ils sont comme dans un aquarium et on peut les observer sans trop interférer avec leur comportement. :)

    Après le déjeuner avalé en vitesse, direction la salle du conseil pour écouter l’excellent Fabrice Piquemal du CNRS nous parler des neutrinos. Ça tombe bien, les détecteurs précédents ne font qu’extrapoler la présence de neutrinos lors d’une collision, par calcul de l’énergie manquante. Les neutrinos ont la fâcheuse tendance à traverser la matière comme qui rigole, et ne vont pas plus vite que la lumière contrairement à une idée faussement répandue.

    Le soir, nous nous retrouvons à Genève après avoir sagement suivi la ligne 14. Le dîner se déroule dans un restaurant où des musiciens jouent avec tout ce qui leur passe sous la main : scie, cuillère, cloche, parfois même des instruments de musique à condition qu’ils fassent plus de 3 mètres. Exténué, retour vers 23 h au CERN.

     

    À suivre…

    Jocelyn Etienne est enseignant au lycée Feuillade de la ville de Lunel.

    Pour soumettre sa candidature pour la prochaine session du stage au CERN, c’est par ici.


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