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Archive for March, 2010

Phew… the past 3 days were our perspective student weekend. We put on our best foot forward to show accepted graduate students what life at SB is like. The current graduate students host the visitors – we show them around campus, take them to places in the area, to breakfast – the professors tell them about opportunities in the grad program… all-in-all a good time. Plus… lots of free food, my little office fridge is bursting with leftovers. (bagels and pizza… breakfast of champions).

It’s always nice to interact with incoming students because it reminds you what it was like to not be caught up in the little details of research. It lets you look at the broad picture and remember the science behind all the compiling code. Plus it’s exciting to talk about all the happenings at the LHC. There were quite a few people interested in particle physics… yay! Nothing like a couple of days of just talking about the physics of particle physics. I think I said “supersymmetry” in the past few days than I have in the past few months. Plus Sunday was so nice, we even went to the beach! — surely that’ll convince people to come here.

But now back to work… the work of particle physics. The vaca was nice while it lasted.

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Teachers and Black Holes

Wednesday, March 24th, 2010
Sitting underneath an alpine panorama in the Lufthansa Lounge in Munich: A last touch of Bavaria before heading out to Asia.

Sitting underneath an alpine panorama in the Lufthansa Lounge in Munich: A last touch of Bavaria before heading out to Asia.

My travel spree continues, and while I’m waiting in the newly renovated Lufthansa Lounge at Munich for my flight to Beijing via Frankfurt, I have a few minutes to think back to my lecture at a teacher’s training event last Saturday. At a school in Zwiesel, a small town in some remote area of Bavaria, I was giving a lecture on black holes at hadron colliders, a topic I’ve been talking about frequently ever since I gave an extremely well attended lecture on this at the TU Munich in Summer 2008. Also this time, it was certainly something that kept the 100+ teachers awake and interested on a late Saturday afternoon.

I’m sure you’ve all followed the controversy on this topic, so I will not go into the details here. On the CERN website, answers to every conceivable scenario in connection to black hole creation can be found, proving beyond doubt that whatever we will create at LHC, it will be hopefully very exciting scientifically, but not dangerous for us and our planet. Actually just a few days before I gave my lecture, the Bundesverfassungsgericht, Germany’s highest court which judges on constitutional matters, came out with a press release about a decision on a complaint by a German citizen living in Switzerland, who saw her constitutional right to be save from bodily harm violated by the approaching start-up of the high energy run of LHC. For those of you that speak German, here is the link. It is a fantastic read. The court ruled that the complaint is not accepted, stating that the refusal to believe in well-established scientific laws is not sufficient to demand a stop to large scale science experiments. They clearly state that it is not enough to invent a disaster scenario tailored to a specific project, without providing a convincing chain of arguments that such a scenario could indeed take place. Otherwise, every large-scale project could be stopped by just inventing something crazy enough that would force the courts to end the projects. So, indeed, a very good ruling for science as a whole!

At the lecture, none of the teachers seemed worried by the experiments at the LHC, but they were certainly happy to be given arguments for discussions with their students. I hope I could also convey my excitement about the science ahead. While I personally think the creation of mini-black holes is extremely unlikely, it is certainly one of the most spectacular things that could come out of the LHC experiments: Finally, this would bring gravity into reach for particle physics experiments, and open a completely new world for us.

With that, I’m off to the Linear Collider Workshop in Beijing…

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….. is what we are hoping  to have next Tuesday 🙂  The LHC made it official, and so they will attempt to collide the two proton beams at 3.5 TeV each, on Tuesday March 30.

It’s 01:15am and I just got home after a quite long day of work (although shorter than I expected).  Everything needs to be ready before we get collisions, so the efforts have to double.  As part of the high level trigger team in CMS, my work this week consists in making sure that we are able to accept all the good collision events (data).  After a few days of intensive testing from different groups and people, we hope we will deploy the final version of the trigger “menu” tomorrow, or on Thursday the latest.  The high level trigger is a key component of being able to accept data.  It is basically a collection of code that runs online, live, to discriminate what information is put into tape and what is not.

It is very likely that  we will have lower energy collisions (900 GeV) during the weekend as a preamble for the historic 7 TeV smashings. We also need the trigger to catch beam gas events from 3.5 TeV circulating stable beams (no collisions), maybe on Sunday.

The adrenaline is starting to flow here at CERN.  It is somehow difficult to sleep, thinking about all this, for people like me who are on-call.  Most of the improvements, fixes, upgrades, etc, that we made after the learning experience of last year’s collisions are now in place, and ready for prime time.   We will do just fine.  I am sure.

Edgar F. Carrera (Boston University)

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The Final Countdown

Tuesday, March 23rd, 2010

Hi there!

This morning there’s been a press release from CERN announcing March 30th as the first attempt for collisions at 7 TeV! You can still follow CERN or ATLAS on Twitter for all the action…

A little reminder – these collisions will be 3.5 times higher energy than our competitors at the Tevatron, and 3 times higher than we reached at the end of last year (when the last record was set). Because of the higher energy, we should be able to quickly match the Tevatron’s sensitivity to “new physics” – what ever that might turn out to mean…

If all goes well, this will mark the start of a very exciting year in physics!!

Will things ever be the same again?? It’s the Final Countdown!!

–Zach

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The Amazing Tevatron

Friday, March 19th, 2010

With lots of excitement surrounding the ramping of the LHC to 3.5 TeV with their beams as reported on here by Symmetry Magazine and the upcoming collisions @ 7 TeV from the LHC it is easy to overlook something of reported by the Tevatron via Twitter and Facebook

Tevatron Store 7682 terminated intentionally – delivered 8200 nb^-1. Store 7685 is now colliding with RECORD initial luminosity = 371 ub^-1/s!

This number was later amended by Ron Moore to report that it was actually 376 ub^-1/s a truly amazing feat. After more than 25 years of colliding, tuning, and learning the Tevatron is performing better than it ever has! Even more so, it is doing this with protons and anti-protons, as anyone in the accelerator world will tell you achieving these kind of initial luminosities were once thought very hard impossible with anti-protons.

As a person working on CDF (Collider Detection at Fermilab) I am very excited to see that our European counter parts are coming along and shattering world records and getting ready to push out the next era of physics. However, I can’t help but love to hear the news that the Tevatron is doing what it does, what it has done, and what it will continue to do…namely producing some of the best particle physics data in the game!

Thanks to all those in the accelerator world for making such valuable data for us to analyze!

tevatron

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New Record Beam Energy!

Friday, March 19th, 2010
lhc1

Click for live beam status.

Early this morning in Geneva, for the first time ever, both proton beams were each ramped to 3.5 TeV.  This is higher than when the LHC set the record for highest energy collisions in December.

The image here is the current beam status.  Keep your eye out for more high energy beams later today!

Mike

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I was reading my favorite particle physics magazine this morning, Symmetry Breaking, and found a very exciting article that I wanted to share with those of you who don’t get it.

It describes in detail what one everything in one of the ATLAS event displays means. This is something that physicists use and publish, so I suggest that everyone check it out here.

They also have a similar article for CMS. It’s fun to compare the differences 🙂

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Occasionally I browse our ‘trackbacks’ to see what websites are linking to the US/LHC blog. Recently I was delighted to discover Matt Shields’ webpages for his physics courses in Charlottesville High School in Virginia. I should preface all this by saying that I do not personally know Mr. Shields nor have I ever corresponded with him, but I agree with the guy with the funny hair below:

einsteinImage from Mr. Shields’ webpage, presumably using Hetemeel.com.

While I applaud all science and math teachers, Mr. Shields gets a special kudos for organizing a class field trip to CERN to visit the LHC. In two weeks, a group of Charlottesville High School students will go on what sounds like an amazing one-week adventure to France that culminates in two days at CERN. They’ll also hit several science-related cultural landmarks in addition to the usual sights and sounds in what should be truly special experience. I wish I could tag along. 🙂 [I think I’m the only US/LHC blogger that hasn’t spent some time at CERN yet…]

Anyway, I salute Mr. Shields for organizing an event that brings his students to the hub of high energy physics at such an exciting time.

I also commend Mr. Shields and the CHS community for the logistical support to make such a thing happen; these sorts of trips are not easy to organize. In particular, the class is responsible for its own fundraising and have set up their own PayPal tax-deductible donations page. [Disclaimer: the CHS “CERN 2010” trip is in no way related to or officially endorsed by the US/LHC.]

Cheers to Mr. Shields, and bon voyage to the lucky high school students who’ll get to visit CERN! (Say hi to any US/LHC bloggers if you see them there.)

Flip Tanedo, on behalf of the US/LHC blog

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Us Too!

Tuesday, March 16th, 2010

Hi there!

ATLAS just put out its first paper, much like CMS did a few weeks ago. Ours is called Charged-particle multiplicities in pp interactions at sqrt(s)=900 GeV measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. It’s a light 19-page read with an extra page of acknowledgements, 3 pages of references, and a 17 page authors list at the end!! (Look for your favorite bloggers hidden in there somewhere!)

metoo

Here’s a very quick run down of what on earth that title means. First, the LHC collides protons, so these were proton-proton collisions (pp interactions). Each of the incoming protons had 450 GeV of energy (about half of the current energy of the Tevatron, and about 1/3 of the highest energy we’ve reached at the LHC). Instead of writing “450 GeV each”, we write down one of the Mandelstam variables describing the collision. It’s a better measure because it includes both particles’ energies in a “natural” way. For example, if you had a car accident, it matters whether you were going 30 and the other car was stopped, or you were both going 30 and collided head on, or you both were going 30 in the same direction and bumped each other. Each of those would have a different “Mandelstam s”.

We use a detector called the “tracker” in ATLAS to measure charged particles bending in a magnetic field. By just counting how many we see coming out of a collision we can say some interesting things about what physics we see. We can count the number in terms of momentum, or in terms of numbers per event (roughly equivalent to “how fast are the cars going on each road,” and “how many cars are there on each road”).

In my opinion, the hardest part of the measurement is putting good errors on everything. We have to be very quantitative – we can’t just say “it’s probably right.” And each piece has to be quantified. The easiest analogy I know of is polling. When someone takes a poll, they usually say, for example, 45% “+/- 3%”. That 3% is the “error” on the poll – though it’s usually only statistical, or telling you something about how many people they sampled. If they wanted to add systematic errors, they would have to include other effects that can be very hard to quantify like: how did the sample they polled differ from the general population? How likely are certain populations to answer the phone or respond to a survey? How likely are people to give honest answers on a survey? Those can vary from hard to almost impossible to quantify, but we have to be honest about how they might affect our results before we can publish with any confidence!

–Zach

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Up in the Air

Tuesday, March 16th, 2010

Just barely 24 hours after getting off the plane from Chicago, I’m back again in the airport lounge in Munich, this time waiting for a short flight to Cologne/Bonn airport. I’ll spend the rest of the week attending the Spring Meeting of the German Physical Society in Bonn. At this annual event, essentially the whole German particle physics community gets together, so it is a great opportunity to catch up with colleagues. In addition, the breadth of the topics discussed there surpasses anything you can find in international conferences, which are usually way more specialized. So it is a great opportunity to find out about what is going on in fields a bit outside of what I normally do. There are some plenary talks in the morning covering a variety of subjects,  and a huge number of parallel sessions in the afternoon. The parallel talks are usually given by students, and each one of my students will be presenting their work at this conference. I’m not talking myself, a welcome change after the five talks I gave at the last meeting I attended, which will hopefully give me the opportunity to look around a bit and learn about things I’m not doing in my everyday life.

But attending the conference also means another few days away from home, again… At the moment, I’m really pushing the limit travel-wise. That reminds me of the final scene in the movie that gave the title to this post, which I saw on my way back over the Atlantic:

“Tonight, most people will be welcome home by jumping dogs and squealing kids. Their spouses will ask about their day, and tonight they’ll sleep. The stars will wheel forth from their daytime hiding places. And one of those lights, slightly brighter than the rest, will be my wingtip, passing over.”

Right now, this really fits the mood…

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